Grammar guide

All grammar topics by level, including common mistakes by Hebrew speakers

12 topics

A2

  • ืขื‘ืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ โ€” ืคืขืœื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื (Past Simple)

    โš ๏ธ Common mistakes by Hebrew speakers

    • ื”ื•ืกืคืช did + ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื™ื—ื“: "I did worked" ื‘ืžืงื•ื "I worked".
    • ืฉื›ื—ืช ื”ืชื•ืกืคืช -ed: "I work yesterday" ื‘ืžืงื•ื "I worked yesterday".
    • ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืกื™ื•ืžืช -ed (worked = /t/, played = /d/, wanted = /ษชd/).

  • ืขื‘ืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ โ€” ืคืขืœื™ื ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื (Irregular Verbs)

    โš ๏ธ Common mistakes by Hebrew speakers

    • ื”ื•ืกืคืช โ€Ž-ed ืœืคื•ืขืœ ื—ืจื™ื’: "goed" ื‘ืžืงื•ื "went".
    • ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื”ื•ื•ื” ืื—ืจื™ "did": "Did you went?" ื‘ืžืงื•ื "Did you go?".

  • ื”ื•ื•ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ โ€” Present Simple

    โš ๏ธ Common mistakes by Hebrew speakers

    • ื”ืฉืžื˜ืช ื”-s ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“: โ€Ž"He play"โ€Ž ื‘ืžืงื•ื "He plays" (ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื™ื” ื›ื–ื•).
    • ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘-is/are ื‘ืžืงื•ื do/does ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืฉืœื™ืœื”: โ€Ž"He is not like"โ€Ž ื‘ืžืงื•ื "He doesnโ€™t like".
    • ื”ื˜ื™ื™ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก: โ€Ž"Does she works?"โ€Ž ื‘ืžืงื•ื "Does she work?".
    • ืžื™ืงื•ื ืฉื’ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืืจื™ ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช: โ€Ž"I go always"โ€Ž ื‘ืžืงื•ื "I always go".

  • ื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืžื•ืฉืš โ€” Present Continuous

    โš ๏ธ Common mistakes by Hebrew speakers

    • ื”ืฉืžื˜ืช ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืขื–ืจ be: โ€Ž"I working now"โ€Ž ื‘ืžืงื•ื "I am working now" (ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืื™ืŸ to be ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื”).
    • ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื›ืจื’ืข: โ€Ž"I watch TV now"โ€Ž ื‘ืžืงื•ื "I am watching TV now".
    • ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื•ืช ื”-ing: โ€Ž"runing"โ€Ž ื‘ืžืงื•ื "running".
    • ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืฆื•ืจืช be ืฉื’ื•ื™ื”: โ€Ž"They is playing"โ€Ž ื‘ืžืงื•ื "They are playing".

  • ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ โ€” will ื•-going to

    โš ๏ธ Common mistakes by Hebrew speakers

    • ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘-will ืœื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืขืชื™ื“, ื’ื ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื•ืช ืžืจืืฉ: โ€Ž"I will travel next week"โ€Ž ื‘ืžืงื•ื "I am going to travel next week".
    • ื”ืฉืžื˜ืช ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืขื–ืจ be ื‘-going to: โ€Ž"I going to study"โ€Ž ื‘ืžืงื•ื "I am going to study".
    • ื”ื•ืกืคืช to ืื—ืจื™ will: โ€Ž"I will to help"โ€Ž ื‘ืžืงื•ื "I will help" (ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช "ืืขื–ื•ืจ" ืžืชื•ืจื’ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช).
    • ื”ื˜ื™ื™ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืื—ืจื™ will/going to: โ€Ž"She will goes"โ€Ž ื‘ืžืงื•ื "She will go".
B1

  • ื”ื•ื•ื” ืžื•ืฉืœื โ€” Present Perfect

    โš ๏ธ Common mistakes by Hebrew speakers

    • ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื•ื•ื” ืžื•ืฉืœื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘-Past Simple ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•: *I lived here for ten years* ื‘ืžืงื•ื I have lived here for ten years (ื›ืฉื”ืžืฆื‘ ื ืžืฉืš ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื).
    • ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ since ืœ-for: *for Monday* / *since five years* ื‘ืžืงื•ื since Monday / for five years.
    • ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื” ืžื•ืฉืœื ืขื ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ: *I have seen him yesterday* ื‘ืžืงื•ื I saw him yesterday.
    • ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืขื‘ืจ ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช: *I have went* / *I have saw* ื‘ืžืงื•ื I have gone / I have seen.
    • ืžื™ืงื•ื ืฉื’ื•ื™ ืฉืœ yet: *I havenโ€™t yet done it* ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ืจื™, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ I havenโ€™t done it yet.

  • ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื•ื”ืคืœื’ื” โ€” Comparatives & Superlatives

    โš ๏ธ Common mistakes by Hebrew speakers

    • ื”ื•ืกืคืช more ืœืชื•ืืจ ืงืฆืจ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื‘ืœ er: *more bigger* / *more taller* ื‘ืžืงื•ื bigger / taller.
    • ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘-er ืœืชื•ืืจ ืืจื•ืš ื‘ืžืงื•ื more: *interestinger* / *expensiver* ื‘ืžืงื•ื more interesting / more expensive.
    • ื”ืฉืžื˜ืช the ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื”ืคืœื’ื”: *He is best player* ื‘ืžืงื•ื He is the best player.
    • ืชืจื’ื•ื ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ ืฉืœ "ืž-" ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื from ื‘ืžืงื•ื than: *bigger from* ื‘ืžืงื•ื bigger than.
    • ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื’ื•ื™: *gooder* / *more good* / *baddest* ื‘ืžืงื•ื better / worse / the worst.
    • ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ: *so tall as* / *as tall than* ื‘ืžืงื•ื as tall as.

  • ืชื ืื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ โ€” First Conditional

    โš ๏ธ Common mistakes by Hebrew speakers

    • ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘-will ืื—ืจื™ if (ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืื ื™ึตืจื“"): *If it will rain* ื‘ืžืงื•ื If it rains.
    • ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜: *If you will call, I will answer* ื‘ืžืงื•ื If you call, I will answer.
    • ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ unless ืœ-if: *unless you donโ€™t hurry* (ืฉืœื™ืœื” ื›ืคื•ืœื”) ื‘ืžืงื•ื unless you hurry.
    • ื”ืฉืžื˜ืช ื”ืคืกื™ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื›ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘-if.

  • ืชื ืื™ ืฉื ื™ โ€” Second Conditional

    โš ๏ธ Common mistakes by Hebrew speakers

    • ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื ืื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฉื ื™: ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘-will ื‘ืžืงื•ื would ืœืžืฆื‘ ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™: *If I had money, I will buy* ื‘ืžืงื•ื I would buy.
    • ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื” ืื—ืจื™ if ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ืจ: *If I have a car* (ืœืžืฆื‘ ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™) ื‘ืžืงื•ื If I had a car.
    • ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘-was ื‘ืžืงื•ื were ืขื I/he/she ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข: *If I was you* โ€” ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืชืงื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื If I were you.
    • ื”ื•ืกืคืช would ื’ื ืื—ืจื™ if: *If I would have time* ื‘ืžืงื•ื If I had time.
    • ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช "ื”ื™ื”" ืžืฉืžืฉ ื’ื ืœืขื‘ืจ ื•ื’ื ืœืชื ืื™, ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื‘ืœื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ Past Simple ืœื‘ื™ืŸ would + base.
B2

  • ื”ืกื‘ื™ืœ โ€” Passive Voice

    โš ๏ธ Common mistakes by Hebrew speakers

    • ืฉื›ื—ืช ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืขื–ืจ be: ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช "The book written by him" ื‘ืžืงื•ื "The book was written by him".
    • ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘-from ื‘ืžืงื•ื by ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืจื: "written from him" ื‘ืžืงื•ื "written by him".
    • ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืช past simple ืœื‘ื™ืŸ past participle: "was wrote" ื‘ืžืงื•ื "was written".
    • ื”ืชืืžืช be ืฉื’ื•ื™ื” ืœื ื•ืฉื ืจื‘ื™ื: "The cars is produced" ื‘ืžืงื•ื "are produced".
    • ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืœืชืจื’ื ืžื‘ื ื” ืกืชืžื™ ืขื‘ืจื™ ("ื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช") ืœืืงื˜ื™ื‘ ืกืชืžื™ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกื‘ื™ืœ ("The house was built").

  • ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืงื™ืฃ โ€” Reported Speech

    โš ๏ธ Common mistakes by Hebrew speakers

    • ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘-say ืขื ืžื•ืฉื ื™ืฉื™ืจ: "She said me" ื‘ืžืงื•ื "She told me" ืื• "She said to me".
    • ืื™-ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข backshift: "He said he is tired" ื‘ืžืงื•ื "He said he was tired".
    • ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืกื“ืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืืœื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืขืงื™ืคื”: "She asked where do I live" ื‘ืžืงื•ื "She asked where I lived".
    • ืฉื›ื—ืช if/whether ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช ื›ืŸ/ืœื ืขืงื™ืคื•ืช: "He asked I was ready" ื‘ืžืงื•ื "He asked if I was ready".
    • ืื™-ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ ื–ืžืŸ: "yesterday" ื‘ืžืงื•ื "the day before", "this" ื‘ืžืงื•ื "that".
C1

  • ืคืขืœื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื โ€” Phrasal Verbs

    โš ๏ธ Common mistakes by Hebrew speakers

    • ืชืจื’ื•ื ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ืง: ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžื™ืœืช ื™ื—ืก ืฉื’ื•ื™ื” (ืœืžืฉืœ "look after" ืœืขื•ืžืช "look for") ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืชืืžื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ืœืขื‘ืจื™ืช.
    • ืกื“ืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉื’ื•ื™ ืขื ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ืคืขืœื™ื ื”ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœื”ืคืจื“ื”: "turn down it" ื‘ืžืงื•ื "turn it down".
    • ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืœืชื™-ื ื™ืชืŸ-ืœื”ืคืจื“ื”: "look the children after" ื‘ืžืงื•ื "look after the children".
    • ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื›ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืคื•ืขืœ + ืžื™ืœืช ื™ื—ืก ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื›ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืช (ืœืžืฉืœ "give up" = ืœื•ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืœื "ืœืชืช ืœืžืขืœื”").
    • ื”ืฉืžื˜ืช ื”ื—ืœืงื™ืง ืœื’ืžืจื™: "I gave smoking" ื‘ืžืงื•ื "I gave up smoking".